Our history is a fragmented one, pieced together from various sources: people's oral traditions, incomplete books, paintings on walls, and artifacts discovered through excavations. However, this information has been woven together in a way that resembles cement being poured into a pre-existing frame. People have integrated new findings into their old paradigms and beliefs, treating them as part of the established narrative. If any new information required research or deeper investigation, it was often excluded from the historical record. This has led to a history that is both somewhat accurate and largely inaccurate. New findings, when they surface, tend to be buried beneath the weight of older, established knowledge. Perhaps it is time for outdated and false information to be replaced with findings supported by research and evidence.

Today, we are gaining new insights into the universe, science, technology, geography, and outer space. These revelations are helping us challenge and disprove the old myths and misconceptions. For instance, we now know that space suits can be designed to shield astronauts from extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold. Color television is a ubiquitous part of modern life, and there are countless inventions and advancements today that were unimaginable fifty years ago. In the past, people believed that light had no speed, but we now understand that light travels at an incredibly fast rate. In the present, making new discoveries requires fresh ways of thinking. The simple act of excavating a site and uncovering some relics cannot tell the full story. We must also seek input from various other fields and perspectives.

Let us now consider some fascinating historical occurrences that will force us to rethink our assumptions. In the early 18th century, some maps came to light, which had been created by Admiral Peiri Reis. One of these maps depicted the Mediterranean region, while the other illustrated the area around the Dead Sea. These maps were handed over to American cartographer Arlington H. Mallerey for examination. Mallerey confirmed the maps were accurate, but he noted that the locations marked on them were slightly off and not entirely where they were shown. To further investigate, Mallerey enlisted the help of another cartographer, Mr. Walters. Together, they mounted the maps on a globe, and this act led to an intriguing discovery. The maps, when placed on the globe, began to align perfectly with real-world locations, and they revealed much more than mere geographical locations. The maps were incredibly precise, showing mountains, peaks, islands, rivers, and other features with remarkable accuracy.

In 1957, these maps were again examined by Jesuit Father Lineham, the head of the Weston Observatory and a cartographer for the U.S. Navy. He also confirmed their accuracy, even pointing out that the maps depicted regions that were currently covered by ice, making them impossible to view today. Professor Charles H. Hapgood and mathematician Richard W. Strachan offered additional insight. They speculated that the maps were taken from photographs taken from great altitudes. This was astonishing because the clarity of the maps suggested that they had been taken from directly above the locations they depicted, likely from an aircraft flying directly over Cairo. The maps displayed clear images in the center, with blurred edges, a phenomenon consistent with aerial photography from high altitudes.

How could this be? These maps were very old, and whoever created them could not have hand-drawn them. Instead, they must have been created with the help of a camera, one used from a very high vantage point. The Turkish admiral who owned the maps admitted that they were not original maps, but copies of original ones. Nonetheless, the originals were believed to have been created somewhere.

On the other side of the world, in the Andes near the Peruvian spurs, lies a very ancient city named Nazca. This large city contains rusted iron pieces that resemble stones. The locals referred to this place as "Pampa," and when viewed from above, one can see a network of enormous lines and paths. Some of these lines run parallel, while others intersect, and some even seem to abruptly end. Archaeologists have referred to these lines as the Inca roads. But these lines don't seem like typical roads – they intersect and rejoin in strange ways, often ending abruptly. Other relics of the Nazca civilization have been discovered in the area, but these road-like lines continue to puzzle experts.

In 1952, the last excavation of the area took place, but not much was discovered. However, the lines, visible only from the sky, seem to have a connection to the heavens. Professor Alden Mason speculated that these lines might have been used for religious purposes or perhaps served as a calendar system. The true meaning of these lines remains unknown. Are they coordinates, or something entirely different? This remains an open question. What's even more perplexing is how such large lines could have been created without modern technology, and why they are only visible from above.

Other similar patterns and images, visible only from the sky, have been found in Peru as well. One particularly striking image was found on a red wall near the Bay of Pisco. If you approach this area by sea, you can spot this massive artwork from 12 miles away, with the image appearing at an altitude of 820 feet.

Honest to say, we are shooting in the dark, creating various theories about these discoveries because we don't know what these images mean. Many researchers and archaeologists have tried to interpret them, but they have been unable to come to any clear conclusions. One of the biggest questions remains: Why would the Nazca people create such intricate lines and why would they choose to paint large images at 820 feet above ground? These are questions that remain unanswered, and despite the efforts of many researchers, no concrete answers have been found.

One of the most intriguing discoveries in this context is the possibility that ancient people had a calendar system that could track different seasons, the movements of the moon and sun, and even provide information about the Earth itself. This is not just a legend, as a calendar of this nature was discovered in the Tiahuanaco region, which has led some to suggest that our ancestors may have possessed a highly intelligent civilization.

Another significant discovery involved a large red sandstone block, weighing more than 20 tons and measuring over 24 feet in length. It was found in an ancient temple and featured thousands of intricate carvings. H. C. Bellamy and P. Allen authored a book titled "Great Idol of Tiahuanaco," in which they argued that these carvings were linked to astrology and may have been connected to the Earth in some profound way. They speculated that these symbols hinted at the existence of a satellite orbiting the Earth, a theory that had been proposed in an earlier book, "Theory of Satellite" by Hoebiegers. According to their interpretation, the symbols suggested that a satellite had been orbiting the Earth for 288 days, influencing the planet's rotation. When further studied, it was found that this phenomenon might date back over 27,000 years, suggesting a deep knowledge of celestial movements.

These findings hint at the existence of a civilization that, while not divine, possessed advanced intelligence. The evidence of this is visible in both the ancient calendars and the remarkable sandstone carvings.

The city of Tiahuanaco itself, located over 13,000 feet above sea level, is surrounded by mystery. To reach it, one must first travel to Cuzco or Peru, and then continue for two to three days by rail or boat. Despite its high altitude and low oxygen levels, Tiahuanaco was once a thriving city. There are no clear rules or guidelines about the city’s design, and it remains one of the most enigmatic places in the world. The city’s unique structures, including enormous stone blocks weighing up to 100 tons, suggest the use of advanced technology. One of the most fascinating structures in Tiahuanaco is the Monolithic Gate of the Sun, a massive single stone gate that stands over 10 feet tall and weighs more than 10 tons.

Local legends claim that a golden spacecraft once visited Earth, carrying a female figure named Oryana, whose task was to give birth to children. She supposedly had four fingers on each hand, and her fingers were joined together. According to the legend, Oryana gave birth to 70 children before returning to her home planet. Images of four-fingered beings are found in various places in Tiahuanaco, but there are no clear answers to what these images mean.

Archaeologists have speculated that the city of Tiahuanaco is around 3,000 years old, based on soil samples they’ve taken from the area. However, despite these discoveries, there is still much that remains unknown. Researchers continue to explore these mysteries, but so far, no definitive answers have been found.

Sacsayhuamán is a significant and mysterious archaeological site located just outside the city of Cusco, Peru. It is one of the most impressive Incan ruins in the region and is renowned for its massive stone walls, which are considered a marvel of ancient engineering. The site is part of the larger archaeological complex that once formed the capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco, and it holds great historical, cultural, and architectural importance.

Location and Structure

Sacsayhuamán is situated on a hilltop overlooking Cusco, offering panoramic views of the surrounding valley. The site consists of large terraces, plazas, and walls made from enormous stone blocks, some of which weigh several tons. The primary feature of the site is its megalithic stone walls, constructed using precisely cut stones that fit together so perfectly that not even a blade of grass can fit between them. This advanced masonry technique, often referred to as "Inca dry-stone construction," is still a mystery, as it is unclear how the Incas managed to transport and shape such massive stones without the use of modern tools or mortar.

The Enormous Stones

The walls of Sacsayhuamán are made from stones of varying sizes, with some blocks reaching up to 12 meters in length and weighing as much as 200 tons. The stones are intricately fitted together without the use of mortar, demonstrating a level of precision that has fascinated archaeologists and historians for centuries. The stones' interlocking structure is so tight that, after hundreds of years, they remain intact and are resistant to the frequent earthquakes that occur in the region.

The precise methods the Incas used to cut, transport, and arrange these enormous stones remain a topic of debate. Some theories suggest that the stones were shaped using stone tools, while others propose that advanced techniques such as heat or water were employed to soften the stones and make them easier to manipulate.

The Layout and Function

Sacsayhuamán is believed to have served a religious and ceremonial function, although its exact purpose remains unclear. The site is thought to have been a fortress or ceremonial center, with its massive walls serving as both protection and a symbol of power. The layout of the site is thought to resemble the shape of a puma, which was an important symbol in Incan culture, representing strength and power. This is significant because the city of Cusco itself was often referred to as the "Puma City," with its streets and neighborhoods designed to represent the body of a puma.

At its peak, Sacsayhuamán would have been an impressive structure, capable of housing a large number of people for various ceremonies and rituals. The site is also home to several smaller buildings and temples, some of which are thought to have been dedicated to important deities such as the sun god Inti. Today, only the massive stone walls remain, but it is believed that Sacsayhuamán was once a bustling center of Incan religious and political activity.

The Mystery of the Stones

One of the most intriguing aspects of Sacsayhuamán is the mystery surrounding the transportation and placement of the massive stones. It is believed that the stones were sourced from quarries located several kilometers away from the site. How the Incas managed to transport such heavy stones over such great distances is still a topic of speculation. Some theories suggest that the stones were moved using wooden sledges, ropes, or even rollers, but the exact methods remain unknown.

Another fascinating feature of the site is the precision with which the stones were cut. The Inca masons used a technique that involved shaping the stones to fit perfectly together without the use of mortar. This level of craftsmanship was so advanced that it is still difficult for modern engineers to replicate. The stones' interlocking design allowed the walls to withstand the stresses of earthquakes, which are common in the region. The walls have remained largely intact over the centuries, despite the destruction caused by Spanish colonization and the passage of time.

Inca Rituals and Astronomy

The Inca civilization had a deep connection to astronomy, and Sacsayhuamán is believed to have been used for astronomical purposes as well. The site is strategically positioned to align with the movements of the sun, moon, and stars, suggesting that it may have been used as an observatory or as a place for astronomical rituals. The Incas were skilled astronomers, and they used celestial events to guide agricultural practices, religious ceremonies, and political decisions.

It is also believed that the site was used for important religious and ceremonial events, including the Inti Raymi festival, which was dedicated to the sun god Inti. During the festival, the Incas would perform elaborate rituals to honor the sun and ensure a good harvest. Sacsayhuamán, with its massive walls and ceremonial significance, would have been an ideal location for such important events.

The Destruction and Restoration

After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century, much of the original structure of Sacsayhuamán was destroyed. The Spanish colonizers used the stones from the ruins to build their own structures in Cusco, including churches and government buildings. As a result, much of the site was dismantled, and its true significance was lost for centuries.

In the 20th century, efforts were made to preserve and restore Sacsayhuamán. Archaeologists and conservationists began to study the site, and some of the ruins were carefully restored. Today, Sacsayhuamán is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination. Visitors can explore the site, marvel at the incredible stonework, and learn about the history and culture of the Inca civilization.

The Legacy of Sacsayhuamán

Sacsayhuamán remains a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the Inca civilization. The site’s massive stone walls, precise construction, and astronomical significance continue to captivate researchers and visitors alike. Despite the destruction caused by colonization, Sacsayhuamán stands as a symbol of the Inca Empire’s power and sophistication.

Today, Sacsayhuamán is not only an important archaeological site but also a symbol of Peruvian identity and heritage. It is a reminder of the rich cultural legacy left by the Incas and the mysteries that still surround their civilization. The site continues to be a source of fascination and inspiration, sparking curiosity about the advanced knowledge and techniques of the ancient Incas. Whether viewed from the perspective of archaeology, astronomy, or cultural history, Sacsayhuamán remains an enduring enigma, one that invites further exploration and discovery.